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For further reading, there are several books about Hollister Ranch available here.
The Sacred Western Gate: A History of Hollister Ranch in California
The Chumash people, who referred to themselves as "the first people," settled the land that is now known as Hollister Ranch more than 9,000 years ago. They held a spiritual connection to the nearby Point Conception, which they viewed as the sacred "Western Gate" to the afterlife. The wild coastline of the ranch was revered for its breathtaking beauty and natural wonders.
In the mid-1700s, Spanish explorers claimed the coast, and King of Spain offered a cattle grazing lease on the land to José Francisco de Ortega, an early European explorer of California, as a retirement gift for his service to the crown. Ortega named the land "Rancho Nuestra Señora del Refugio" or "Ranch of Our Lady of Refuge."
For the next 100 years, the land was used for cattle grazing and maintained by the Hollister family. In 1970, ownership passed to a corporation, which restructured the Ranch to its current form. However, despite the change in ownership, a commitment to stewardship and sustainability was upheld through the Ranch's CC&R's, preserving the land's native vegetation, wildlife and natural resources. This commitment prevented unchecked development that could have been detrimental to the unique ecosystems that have thrived on the ranch for centuries.
The Thriving Society of the Chumash: A History of the Santa Barbara Channel Region
People are believed to have migrated from Siberia across what is now the Bering Strait, and the Chumash people established themselves as a thriving society in the Santa Barbara Channel region, west of the Santa Inez Mountains, from San Luis Obispo to Malibu Canyon and on the Channel Islands.
The Chumash society was well-organized and relatively advanced. They showed skilled craftsmanship, with well-built houses, symbolic cave rock paintings, fine basketry and beads. Their language included eight local dialects. They also built highly seaworthy canoes called Tomols, made of redwood planks from logs washed up by winter storms, which they used for fishing and trading along the coast. Though adept at hunting and fishing, most of the Chumash diet consisted of acorns and other plant life.
However, Chumash life and culture were severely impacted by the arrival of Spanish explorers and the establishment of the mission system, in which the Chumash were forced to live and work as laborers. The U.S. annexation of California further contributed to the decline of the Chumash population. Today, at Hollister Ranch, Chumash cultural resources continue to remain intact and undisturbed. It is an ongoing delicate balance of acknowledging the Chumash cultural heritage without contributing to damage or desecration of precious cultural resources.
The History of Hollister Ranch: From Spanish Exploration to Modern Stewardship
The Santa Barbara coastline has been revered for centuries by the Chumash people, who settled the land over 9,000 years ago and viewed nearby Point Conception as the sacred "Western Gate" to the afterlife. Spanish explorers claimed the coast in the mid-1700s, and the King of Spain offered a cattle grazing lease on the land to José Francisco de Ortega, one of the first Europeans to explore California, as a retirement gift. The land was named "Rancho Nuestra Señora del Refugio" and was used for cattle grazing for the next century.
In 1866, Colonel William Welles Hollister, an Ohio native who had moved to California to make a fortune, acquired the property and renamed it Hollister Ranch. He and his family continued livestock operations and protected the landscape for the next century. In 1970, ownership passed to a corporation, but the commitment to stewardship and sustainability, embodied in its CC&R's, was maintained. This has helped preserve the land and its native vegetation, wildlife, and natural resources.
Hollister was also a leading philanthropist in Santa Barbara, helping to found Santa Barbara College, build the first library, and finance the Arlington Hotel, Lobero Theater, and Stearns Wharf. His youngest son, Jim Hollister, convinced Annie not to sell the ranch and the cattle operation, and he served as president of the Hollister Estate Company until his death in 1961.
Exploring the History of Hollister Ranch: From Cattle Ranching to Coastal Preservation
Hollister Ranch is a 14,400-acre private landholding located in Santa Barbara County, California. The property, divided into 100-acre parcels, is known for its stunning coastal landscape and rich history. From the Chumash people to the Ortegas, and finally the Hollister family, the ranch has been home to many different groups throughout the years.
One of the most consistent and productive agricultural activities on the ranch is cattle ranching. The Hollister Ranch Cattle Cooperative is one of the largest cattle ranching operations in the county and is a leader in sustainable ranching practices. Despite the beautiful landscape, farming has been difficult due to factors such as strong winds, lack of flat land, and limited water. As a result, cattle ranching remains the only sustainable form of agriculture on the ranch.
Efforts to turn the ranch into a National Seashore in 2003 were rejected by the U.S. Department of Interior. The Pennsylvania Railroad also attempted to develop the property into a community of 20,000 residents, with 6,700 lots and an RV park, but that plan died with the financial collapse of the railroad in 1970.
Today, the Hollister Ranch Owners' Association manages the property, with the Hollister Ranch Conservancy assisting with the management of natural and cultural resources. Sustainability and the preservation of coastal ecosystems are the guiding principles of ranch life and operations, with disturbing wildlife habitat or removing native vegetation strictly prohibited. The ranch remains remote and the cost of maintaining farming operations remains prohibitive.
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